Building Teen Resilience Through Group Therapy

December 7, 2024

Written by: Summer Ladd, LPC- Associate

 Adolescents often deal with multiple simultaneous changes and stressors in their daily lives. Some of these are easy to recognize, like all the physical changes that occur with puberty, or the unexpected worries that come with a new romantic relationship. Others, such as bullying at school or academic stress, can be less easy to recognize.

           Not only do some of their stressors change, but the way that they respond to these stressors changes too! According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the brain fully develops in the mid to late twenties, which means that the child and adolescent brain are still developing, and at their most vulnerable. During adolescence, the brain’s hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which helps the body regulate stress responses, starts to change. This can lead to increased release of hormones in the body due to a stressor, that leads to an increased stress-response in the adolescent.

 Studies show that adolescent’s stressors mostly comprise of three major categories: family, school, and self.

 

Family:

Within the family category, stressors included parent-child conflict, parental separation or conflict, disagreement with lifestyle choices or house rules, family health issues, financial strain and parental work issues, parental academic pressures, family transitions (such as moving), parental availability and family arguments.


School:

The school category included academic workload and pressure, academic difficulties, poor relationships with teachers, and lack of school motivation.


Self:

 Lastly, the self-category included health issues and lack of sleep, concerns about the future, dissatisfaction or issues with their appearance, difficulty becoming involved in extracurricular activities, new responsibilities and expectations, and lack of autonomy


       Group therapy has been shown to help adolescents learn how to adapt and cope with these stressors through interventions such as psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness in a group setting. In a group, they can collaborate through discussion and interventions to reduce stress by increasing their psychological resilience through increased coping skills, deeper insight, increased self-image, and an increase in emotional flexibility.


    Being a teenager can be a difficult time, full of psychological and physical changes as well as stressors coming from all areas of life. Without help, adolescents may not know how to confront these concerns, and this may lead to bigger issues. Group therapy has shown to be productive in helping adolescents learn how to navigate through these challenges and increase their resilience. If your child is having difficulty finding tools or navigating these areas, consider an intensive outpatient program such as Reset IOP to support your child today, and for their future.






References:

Edwards, M., Adams, E. M., Waldo, M., Hadfield, O. D., & Biegel, G. M. (2014). Effects of a mindfulness group on Latino adolescent students: Examining levels of perceived stress, mindfulness, self-compassion, and psychological symptoms. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 39(2), 145-163.


İme, Y., & Ümmet, D. (2024). The effects of cognitive behavioral psychological group counseling program on the psychological resilience and emotional flexibility of adolescents. Current Psychology, 43(10), 8885-8895.


National Institute of Mental Health. The Teen Brain: 7 Things to Know. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 17, 2024, from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/the-teen-brain-7-things-to-know#:~:text=The%20brain%20finishes%20developing%20and,prioritizing%2C%20and%20making%20good%20decisions.


Núñez-Regueiro, F., & Núñez-Regueiro, S. (2021). Identifying salient stressors of adolescence: A systematic review and content analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(12), 2533-2556.


Romeo, R. D. (2013). The teenage brain: The stress response and the adolescent brain. Current directions in psychological science, 22(2), 140-145.


  Vogelaar, S., Miers, A. C., Saab, N., Dusseldorp, E., van Loon, A. W., Creemers, H. E., ... & Westenberg, P. M. (2024). Teaching adolescents about stress using a universal school-based psychoeducation program: A cluster randomised controlled trial. School Mental Health, 1-16.

     

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When you think of a setback, do you see an insurmountable barrier, or an opportunity? Oftentimes, challenges that arise in our life can cause us to veer off of the path we were going on. This can be a relatively mild inconvenience, like when you forget to press “start” on the oven timer and the lasagna gets burnt to a crisp. Do you see this as a disaster? Do you think, “of course I messed it up, like always?” Or maybe, go into a panic, thinking “we’ll starve if there is no lasagna!” Or do you see it as an opportunity? Something like, “oh crap, I screwed up the lasagna… Well, now we can try that new Thai takeout down the street!” Sure, you may feel bummed out, annoyed at yourself, or sad because you really wanted lasagna, but the difference is whether you allow these feelings to continue and manifest into something deeper, or if you learn to accept the situation, shrug it off, and move on. This may be a silly example, but the underlying message rings true. Fact 1: The lasagna is inedible. Fact 2: You cannot un-burn said lasagna. Fact 3: Your reaction to the burnt lasagna will determine how the rest of your evening goes. Will you be angry, frustrated, or disappointed for the next several hours, or will you realize that stuff just happens sometimes, get your (equally delicious) Thai food, and order an automatic kitchen timer on Amazon while slurping noodles? You are “allowed” to be upset about the dinner path changing, but the difference is asking yourself what those feelings actually do for you? The facts are the same, regardless of your feelings about them. 90% of the time, a challenge or mistake in life unfortunately cannot be undone. The only control we have over the situation after the fact is how we react to it and move forward. Whether a small problem or a life-changing occurrence, the shift in mindset–or “reframing”–of these situations can have a huge impact on our wellbeing. I’m sure you’ve heard the statistics about stress leading to heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic fatigue, etc. But have you heard that other studies have shown stress to have a positive impact on us? The key difference is how we think about, or frame, stress in our lives. Those who believe stress is negative & harmful, will show signs of harm. However, those who frame stress as positive, i.e. as a motivator, a survival tool, etc., actually show positive health characteristics such as increased focus, increased blood flow, and the release of endurance hormones. As with most things in life, too much of something can have negative effects. The same rings true with chronic stress, but having the understanding that temporary stress is not inherently harmful can literally change the way your body reacts to it, and therefore not cause additional stress just from being stressed! Got it?? Things that happen in our external lives are sometimes out of our control, but most of what goes on in our internal lives can be modified. For example, seeing the need for a new dinner option as a chance to try something different. This type of mindset is applicable in many everyday “stressful” situations; in traffic, we can be angry about the slow downs, or we can see an opportunity to listen to a new Spotify podcast or playlist. At a restaurant, we can be frustrated & impatient that the kitchen is backed up, or we can see an opportunity to spend extra time chatting with the family/friends that joined us. Either way, our attitude about the situation will likely not change what is happening, but what it will do is affect our physiological responses to the situation, and our mindset/mood both during and after the situation has passed. Setbacks of any proportion, from small troubles like dinner & traffic, to life-altering challenges like a medical condition, have different impacts on our life. However, the mindset shift of “barrier” to “opportunity” rings consistent. Being angry at the world will not change a diagnosis; however, seeing a chance to become healthier & appreciate each day is life-changing in itself. Remember this quote from Brian Tracy: “A comeback is always stronger than a setback.” --Emily Hill, QMHP
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